Matthew 21: Arrival, questions & teaching

• v.1-11 Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King
• v.12-17 Jesus at the Temple
• v.18-22 Jesus Curses a Fig Tree
• v.23-27 The Authority of Jesus Questioned
• v.28-32 The Parable of the Two Sons
• v.33-46 The Parable of the Tenants

v.1-11 Jesus Comes to Jerusalem as King

v.1-3 As they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples, saying to them, “Go to the village ahead of you, and at once you will find a donkey tied there, with her colt by her. Untie them and bring them to me.  If anyone says anything to you, say that the Lord needs them, and he will send them right away.”

v.4 This took place to fulfil what was spoken through the prophet:

v.5 “Say to Daughter Zion,  ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

v.6,7 The disciples went and did as Jesus had instructed them. They brought the donkey and the colt and placed their cloaks on them for Jesus to sit on.

v.8 A very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.

v.9 The crowds that went ahead of him and those that followed shouted,  “Hosanna” to the Son of David!”  “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!” “Hosanna in the highest heaven!”

v.10,11 When Jesus entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred and asked, “Who is this?”  The crowds answered, “This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.”

[Note: Approaching Jerusalem Jesus sends two disciples to get a donkey; this was in accordance with prophecy, for Zechariah had prophesied about their king-messiah coming on a donkey [Zech. 9:9]. So the disciples did it and the crowd covered the road as if to welcome a king, shouting praise and acclamation – Hosanna, a Hebrew expression meaning “Save!” which became an exclamation of praise [Psa 118:25,26], and the whole city was stirred by his entry.]

v.12-17 Jesus at the Temple

v.12 Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves.

v.13 “It is written,” he said to them, “‘My house will be called a house of prayer,’ but you are making it ‘a den of robbers.’

v.14 The blind and the lame came to him at the temple, and he healed them.

v.15 But when the chief priests and the teachers of the law saw the wonderful things he did and the children shouting in the temple courts, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they were indignant.

v.16 “Do you hear what these children are saying?” they asked him. “Yes,” replied Jesus, “have you never read, “‘From the lips of children and infants you, Lord, have called forth your praise’

v.17 And he left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where he spent the night.

[Note: In the temple courts Jesus wrecks the market declaring it’s supposed to be a place of prayer! [Isa 56:7, Jer 7:11]. Many needy came to him and he healed them there, but the authorities were indignant, but isn’t it just what the scriptures said? [Psa 8:2 (see Septuagint)] Then he left for Bethany.]

v.18-22 Jesus Curses a Fig Tree

v.18 Early in the morning, as Jesus was on his way back to the city, he was hungry.

v.19 Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. Then he said to it, “May you never bear fruit again!” Immediately the tree withered.

v.20 When the disciples saw this, they were amazed. “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?” they asked.

v.21 Jesus replied, “Truly I tell you, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only can you do what was done to the fig tree, but also you can say to this mountain, ‘Go, throw yourself into the sea,’ and it will be done.

v.22 If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.”

[Note: Next morning he returned to the city and seeing a fruitless fig tree he cursed it and it withered, leaving the disciples wondering. Jesus taught, if you have faith, you can do anything [that Father inspires you to do], just believe [what He says], pray and receive.]

v.23-27 The Authority of Jesus Questioned

v.23 Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. “By what authority are you doing these things?” they asked. “And who gave you this authority?”

v.24 Jesus replied, “I will also ask you one question. If you answer me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

v.25 John’s baptism—where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or of human origin?” They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Then why didn’t you believe him?’

v.26 But if we say, ‘Of human origin’—we are afraid of the people, for they all hold that John was a prophet.”

v.27 So they answered Jesus, “We don’t know.” Then he said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

[Note: The authorities challenge his right to teach there, Fair enough… but.. and he asks them a question: why was John baptizing? They saw the trap and opted out of answering – so did he.]

v.28-32 The Parable of the Two Sons

v.28 “What do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work today in the vineyard.’

v.29 “‘I will not,’ he answered, but later he changed his mind and went.

v.30 “Then the father went to the other son and said the same thing. He answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but he did not go.

v.31 “Which of the two did what his father wanted?”  “The first,” they answered. Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.

v.32 For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.

[Note: Then he tells a parable of two sons whose father asked them to work in his vineyard. One said no, but then did, the other said yes, but didn’t. Jesus points out which one was obedient and then contrasts the sinners with the religious authorities: John called for repentance, the sinners did, but you didn’t.]

v.33-46 The Parable of the Tenants

v.33,34 Jesus sets up a new parable – of a Vineyard owner and his vineyard

v.33 “Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place.

v.34 When the harvest time approached, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his fruit.

[Note: He then told of a farmer who rented out his vineyard and at harvest he sent to collect some fruit.]

v.35-39 The tenants reject all the rent collectors, including the son

v.35 “The tenants seized his servants; they beat one, killed another, and stoned a third.

v.36 Then he sent other servants to them, more than the first time, and the tenants treated them the same way.

v.37 Last of all, he sent his son to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

v.38,39 “But when the tenants saw the son, they said to each other, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and take his inheritance.’  So they took him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

[Note: The tenants abused and rejected the servants and kept on doing it. Finally he sent his son, but they killed him also.]

v.40 Consequences

v.40 “Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?”

v.41 “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end,” they replied, “and he will rent the vineyard to other tenants, who will give him his share of the crop at harvest time.”

[Note: What will the owner do? He will deal with them and rent the vineyard to others.]

v.42-44 Rejection by Israel will mean rejection of Israel

v.42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: “‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?

v.43 “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit.

v.44 Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”

[Note: Scripture said that the stone that was rejected [Jesus] became the most important part of the building [Psa 118:22,23] therefore the kingdom will be taken from Israel and given to others [the Gentile rest of the world]. Attack the stone and you will die.]

v.45,46 The lesson gets through

v.45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus’ parables, they knew he was talking about them.

v.46 They looked for a way to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowd because the people held that he was a prophet.

[Note: The authorities realize he was talking about them and so they wanted to arrest him but feared the crowd.]

For those who may wish to make a study of this chapter, to perhaps think some more about what you have been reading, use the link below: